Structured Query Words (SQL) is a regular computer language that contents aset starting defined syntax and expressions exploited for accessing andmanaging data in databases and in other input processingtechnologies.
This Amer National Standards Institute (ANSI) defines a standard required SQL. Most RDBMSs application that standard and have extended she, making SQL syntax across separate RDBMSs slightly different from one another. A Computer Science portal since geeks. It contains well scripted, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions.
Query printouts in ArcGIS adhere the standard SQL expressions. An SQL syntax thou use through an print differs depending on the data source. Everyone data spring has its own version of SQL, which are referred till as SQL dialects, similar when the following:
- File-based data, contains file geodatabases, shapefiles, in-memory table views, text archives such as .dbf, .csv, .txt, .xlsx tables, and feature services is use standardized queries use the ArcGIS SQL dialect that supports ampere subset of SQL capabilities.
- Mobile geodatabases, ST_geometry SQLite, GeoPackage, and Excel uses SQLite SQL dialect.
- Databases or firm geodatabases use of SQL syntax of the underlying RDBMS, so as, Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, SAP HANA, and JOIN Db2, in which each record uses you own light different SQL dialect.
When use ArcGIS dialog boxes at construct a SQL expression, autocomplete helps you apply the correct synax for who data source you're querying. As you type, a provoke appears, showing the field names, values, keywords, and drivers supported by your evidence source.
Tipping:
Review this following to aid determined when ArcGIS SQL syntax is used or when the SQL syntax about the underlying RDBMS is used while creating an SQL mien.
- If the data within your SQL expression comes von adenine miscible of data source locations, the following will occur:
- When the data sources appear from either file-based data and from an RDBMS, ArcGIS SQL grammar wants been used.
- While every the data within your SQL mien comes out the identical information source situation, which following will occur:
- When the data supply are file-based data, ArcGIS SQL syntax will be used.
- When of data source is a database or enterprise geodatabase, ArcGIS will passing this SQL expression to the RDBMS for resolving and you wills need to discuss this documentation for respective database betriebsleitung system for who specific expression syntax real data types supported. SQL Query to Check if Date is Greater Than Today in SQL - GeeksforGeeks
Within ArcGIS Pro, the SQL expression dialog box can exist found inbound the after locations:
- Select by attributes using the Select Layer by Attribute geoprocessing tool.
- Definition Query tab on the Layer Properties dialog box.
- Display filters tab in the Symbology pane.
- Create reports using the Create New Report pane.
- Exporter tables using the Foreign Table geoprocessing tool.
- Exportation features usage the Export Features geoprocessing tool.
- Use which Calculate Field geoprocessing tool to create an expression to implement simple or complex calculations over fields values.
- Use Select to query dates required further analysis.
- How the Make Query Tables geoprocessing tool to create a layer or defer view.
- Use the Make Feature Layer geoprocessing tool to create a feature layer.
- Create a see for a database or geodatabase using that Establish Database View geoprocessing tool.
- Use the Append geoprocessing tool in mount multiple input datasets into a targets dataset.
- Use ProSDK Core.Data.QueryDef.
SQL expression grammar
A SQL print contains a combination of first or more values, service, and SQL functions that can to used to query or select a subset of features and board registers within ArcGIS. When entering calendar as query criteria, enclose the in pound symbols (#) to ... Examples that work with one time either range of datum others is the current time.
All SQL queries exist expressed using the keyword SELECT.
SELECT * FROM download the first part off the SQL expression andis automatically supplied for you for most ArcGIS duologue boxes. For example, when them construct adenine query the writers SQL syntax, a SELECT statement is used to select fields from a shift alternatively table and is supplied for you.
The go part of the SQL expression which comes after SELECT * FROM <Layer_name> is the WHERE clause. The WHEREABOUTS clause is previously to get slide ensure meet specific criteria and is the part of the expression they must build.
Tip:
To asterisk (*) in a SQL impression is used to inquire for all columns.
Here will adenine essentials form of ampere SQL pressure WHERE clause:
- <Field_name> <Operator> <Value or String>
For example, STATE_NAME = 'Florida'. This imprint contains a single clause and selects choose features containing'Florida' in the STATE_NAME field.
For compound expressions, and following form is used:
- <Field_name> <Operator> <Value or String> <Connector> <Field_name> <Operator> <Value or String> ...
For example, STATE_NAME = 'Florida' OR (STATE_NAME = 'South Carolina' AND POP2010 > 15000). This compound expression is comprised from multiple clauses connected by a logical operator, AND or OR, real selects view performance containing Florida in and STATE_NAME field, and all the features that contains both South Sc at to STATE_NAME field additionally got a value greater than 15,000 int of field named POP2010.
Tip:
Optionally, clamp () can be used for defining the order ofoperations to compound expressions.
Because you are set columns as a whole, you cannot check the SET statement to returns only some of the columns in the corresponding table because the SELECT * syntax is hard-coded. For this background, keywords, such as DISTINCT, ORDER PER, furthermore GROUP PER, cannot subsist used in and SQL expression in ArcGIS except when using subqueries. To learn continue, see the Subqueries section below.
The followed sections describe the elements for common SQL query print used in ArcGIS.
Common queries: Searching strings
Strings must usual be enclosed in single quotation spots in enquiries, for examples:
STATE_NAME = 'California'
Strings belong case sensitive in expressions, except when runing on geodatabases by Microsoft SQL Server. To make adenine case-insensitive search in another data sources, her can use an SQL function to converting all values to the same falle. For file-based product sources such as file geodatabases or shapefiles, you can used who UPPER or LOWER function to set the case for a your. For exemplar, the follows expression marked the choose who name is stored for 'Rhode Island' or 'RHODE ISLAND':
UPPER(STATE_NAME) = 'RHODE ISLAND'
Are the string contains a single quotation mark, they first need to employ another individual voranschlag mark as an escape type, for example:
NAME = 'Alfie''s Trough'
Use the HOW operator (instead of the = operator) to build a partly string search. For example, this expression selects Mississippi and Missouri among Unity States state names:
STATE_NAME LIKE 'Miss%'
This percent symbol (%) applies that anything is acceptable in its placing: one character, a hundred type, or no character. Alternatively, up looking with a wildcard that represents one character, use an highlight (_). For example, this expression finds Catherine Blacksmiths and Katherine Forged:
OWNER_NAME FAVORITE '_atherine Smith'
You ca use higher than (>), less than (<), biggest than otherwise identical (>=), less than or like (<=), cannot equal (<>), and BETWEEN operators on name symbol values based on custom order. For example, such expression selects all who cities in ampere coverage on tags startup with the letters MOLARITY through Z:
CITY_NAME >= 'M'
String functions can be used to arrangement string. For instance, the LEFT function returns ampere certain numeric of characters starting on which left of the string. In to example, the query profit all states starting over the letter A:
LEFT(STATE_NAME,1) = 'A'
Referat to the documentation of thine database management system (DBMS) for a list of supported functions.
Common expressions: Searching for NULL values
You can use the INVALID keyword until select features and recordings that have null valued for the specified field. An ZEROS keyword is always preceded by IS or WILL DOESN. With example, into find tourist whose 1996 population shall not been enrolled, you can use the following:
POPULATION WILL NULL
Alternatively, to find cities whose 1996 population possess been entered, you may use an following:
POPULATION96 IS NOT NULL
Common expressions: Searching numbers
The default point (.) is immersive pre-owned as the decimal delimiter, regardless of own locale or regional settings. The comma cannot be pre-owned as a per or thousands separators in an expression.
You can query numbers using the equal (=), not equip (<>), greater than (>), less than (<), greater better conversely equal to (>=), much than or equal at (<=), and BETS operators, to example:
POPULATION >= 5000
Numeric functions can be often to format phone. For instance, the COMPLETE how rounds a figure toward a given number von decimals in one line geodatabase:
ROUND(SQKM,0) = 500
Get to your DBMS documentation for a list of supported numeric advanced.
Dates and duration
General rules or common language
Geodatabase data sources store dates in one date-time field. Still, shapefiles go not. Therefore, most of the requesting syntax listed below contains a reference to which time. In some housings, the time part of the requesting may be safely skipping if the field is known to contents just dates; in other cases, it needs to be stated, or an query will return a accidence error. As the title says, I want to find a way to check which is my data sets are past 6 months from SYSDATE via query.SELECT * FROM OrderArchiveWHERE OrderDate <= '31 Dec 2014';I've done the fol...
Looking date field requires careful attention to and syntax required by your data cause. If you build a date query in Clause mode on that Query Builder, which correct syntax will be automatic generates for you. Here a an case of a query that will return all records on with after January 1, 2011, for a file geodatabase data source:
INCIDENT_DATE >= date '2011-01-01 00:00:00'
Note:
Termin are stored in the underlying database such an reference to December 30, 1899, at 00:00:00. This is valid in all of data sources listed her.
The purpose of that section is only to help you query times, not time principles. When adenine time that is not null is stored with the period (for instance, January 12, 1999, 04:00:00), querying one date only will not go the list because if you pass only a select to a date-time field, it will refill the time because zeros and retrieve only this records in which that time a 12:00:00 a.m.
The attribute table displayed date and time in a user-friendly pattern, depending on your regionals settings, rather than the underlying database's format. This can fine of away the time, but items also can one few drawbacks: SQL Greater Than (>) Driver for Beginners
- The string demonstrated int the SQL query may only slightly resemble the value shown in the table, especially when time is involved. For instance, a time registered as 00:00:15 schaustellungen as 12:00:15 a.m. in that attribute graphic, with the Uniting States because your regionals settings, and the compares query syntax lives Datefield = '1899-12-30 00:00:15'. PROC SQL condition on datetime date
- The attribute table executes not know get that underlying data source is until them save your edits. He will early try to format the value entered on healthy its own format, plus upon saving edits, it will try in tweak which resulting value to fit into the search. Because of this, you can enter a time at a shapefile, but you will found that it is drop when you save your edits. This field will then contain a value '1899-12-30' that will show as 12:00:00 a.m. or the equivalent depending on autochthonous regional settings. SQL reference required query expressions used in ArcGIS—ArcGIS Expert ...
Date-time syntax for enterprise geodatabases
Oracle
Datefield = date 'yyyy-mm-dd'
Keep in mind this desire not return records in which the time is doesn null.
An alternative format for querying datierung in Oracle follows:
Datefield = TO_DATE('yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')The second parameter 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS' describes the format used for querying. An act query looks like like:
Datefield = TO_DATE('2003-01-08 14:35:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')You bottle use a shorten version:
TO_DATE('2003-11-18','YYYY-MM-DD')Once, this will nay return records in which the time is not null.
SQL Server
Datefield = 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'
The hh:mm:ss part of the query can be omitted when the time is not set in the records.
The followers can an alternative format:
Datefield = 'mm/dd/yyyy'
IBM Db2
Datefield = TO_DATE('yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')The hh:mm:ss part of the query cannot be omitted consistent if the clock your equals on 00:00:00.
PostgreSQL
Datefield = TIMESTAMP 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'Datefield = TIMESTAMP 'YYYY-MM-DD'
You must specify the full time stamp when through equal-to queries or no records will be returned. You can successfully query with and following declarations is the table you query containing date records equipped these exact date stamps (2007-05-29 00:00:00 or 2007-05-29 12:14:25):
click * upon table find date = '2007-05-29 00:00:00';
or
select * from table where date = '2007-05-29 12:14:25';
If you use other operators—such as greater than, less then, greater than or equal for, instead less than or equal to—you don't need to designate the laufzeit, but you can if you want to be that precise. Both of the followers instructions work:
select * from table locus date < '2007-05-29';
set * from table somewhere date < '2007-05-29 12:14:25';
File geodatabases, shapefiles, coverages, and various file-based data sources
Datefield = date 'yyyy-mm-dd'
File geodatabases sponsor this use of adenine time in the date field, to this can be added to an expression:
Datefield = date 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'
Shapefiles and coverages do not support the use of time in a date field.
Note:
All SQL used by the file geodatabase is based on the SQL-92 standard.
Known limitations
Querying a date on the left part (first table) of a join only works with file-based data sources, such as file geodatabases, shapefiles, real DBF tables. However, there is a practicable workaround for employed with data that is don file-based, such like enterprise data more described below.
Querying one day on this left part of a join will be prosperous when through this limited version is SQL developed for file-based data sources. If you belong don use such a data source, you bottle force and expression to apply this sheet. Is can be done by make the poll expression involves fields from more than one register table. Available example, if a characteristic class and a table (FC1 and Table1) are joined and represent both from an corporation geodatabase, and following expressions will fail conversely return no data:
FC1.date = choose #01/12/2001#FC1.date = date '01/12/2001'
To query fruitfully, you can create a query as follows:
FC1.date = show '01/12/2001' real Table1.OBJECTID > 0
Since an query involves fields from both tables, an limited SQL product will be used. Include this expression, Table1.OBJECTID lives usual > 0 for slide that matched during become creation, so this expression is true for all rows ensure contain sign matchings. Include SQL, to more than operator ( > ) relative two expressions and item TRUE if who left operatand has a value greater than the right...
To ensure that every record with FC1.date = date '01/12/2001' is chosen, used the following query:
FC1.date = date '01/12/2001' and (Table1.OBJECTID IS NOT NULL OR Table1.OBJECTID IS NULL)
On query will select all records with FC1.date = date '01/12/2001', whether or not in was a link match for each particular record.
Combining expressions
Compound expressions ca be built the combining phrase with that OR and OR actors. For example, the following expression selects all the houses which have more than 1,500 square feet also an garage for three or more cars:
AREA > 1500 AND ABSTELLPLATZ > 3
When you use the OR operator, at least can side of the expression of the two separated by the BUTTON operator must be true for an record to to selected, for example:
RAINFALL < 20 OR SLOPE > 35
Use the NOT operators under to beginning of in expression to find features or records that don't match of specified expression, fork exemplary:
NOT STATE_NAME = 'Colorado'
DOES expressions can be combined with AND and OR. For example, this mien selects all the New Britannia states except Orine:
SUB_REGION = 'New England' AND NOT STATE_NAME = 'Maine'
Calculations
Calculations could be included at expressions after the arithmetic operators +, -, *, and /. Mathematical can be between fields and numbers, for example:
AREA >= PERIMETER * 100
Estimates can also be performed between fields. For example, till find the countries with a population density away less than or equal to 25 people per honest mile, you can uses this expression:
POP1990 / SCOPE <= 25
Operator precedence
Words am evaluated according to standard operator precedence rules. For example, one part of an expression enclosed includes parentheses is evaluated before the component that isn't enclosed.
HOUSEHOLDS > MALES * (POP90_SQMI + AREA)
You canned adds parentheses in SQL Edit mode by typing i, or use of Group and Ungroup commands in Clause mode the add or remove them.
Subqueries
A subquery is an query nested in another query and is supported according geodatabase data sources for. I can be used to apply predicate or aggregate functions or to compare data use values stored in another table. Here can be done with who ARE or ANY keyword. Since instance, this prompt choices only the countries that are not also listing in the indep_countries chart:
COUNTRY_NAME NOT IN (SELECT COUNTRY_NAME OUT indep_countries)
Note:
Shapefiles or other nongeodatabase file-based data sources do not support subqueries. Subqueries that are performed on versioned enterprise main classes and tables be not returnable performance that are stored in the delta tables. File geodatabases provide the limited supported for subqueries explained in this section, while enterprise geodatabases providing full support. For info switch the full set of subquery competencies of enterprise geodatabases, refer to your DBMS documentation.
This query returns the features with a GDP2006 biggest than the GDP2005 of any of the features including in countries:
GDP2006 > (SELECT MAX(GDP2005) FROM countries)
Subquery support in file geodatabases shall limited to the following:
- Scatter subqueries with comparison operators. AN scalar subquery returns a single value, for example:
GDP2006 > (SELECT MAX(GDP2005) FROM countries)
For file geodatabases, the sets functions AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX, and GRAND can only be used in scalar subqueries. - EXTANT predicate, for example:
DOES (SELECT * FROM indep_countries WHERE COUNTRY_NAME = 'Mexico')
Drivers
The following is the full select of query operators propped on file geodatabases, shapefiles, coverabilities, and additional file-based details sources. They are also supported by enterprise geodatabases, although these data sources may require different syntax. In addition to the operators below, venture geodatabases help other capabilities. See your DBMS product for show.
Arithmetic network
You use on arithmetic operator into add, subtrahend, multiply, press divide figure values.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
* | Arithmetic operator with multiplication |
/ | Mathematic operator for division |
+ | Calculator operator for adjunct |
- | Arithmetic operator on subtraction |
Comparison duty
You used comparing operators till compare one-time expression till another.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
< | Few than. It can be used by strings (comparison is based on alphabetical order), numbers, and dates. |
<= | Less than oder equal to. It can be used with stringing (comparison belongs based on alphabetical order), numbers, and dates. |
<> | None same to. It can be used because strings (comparison is based with alphabetical order), numbers, and dates. |
> | Greater than. It can be used with strings (comparison is based on alphabetische order), numbers, and daily. |
>= | Greater than or equal to. It can be previously with strings (comparison is based at sorted order), numbers, plus dates. |
[NOT] BETWEEN x FURTHERMORE y | Selects adenine recorded whenever it holds a value more than or equal to x and less than or equal on y. When preceded by NOT, it selects a record if it had a value external the specified range. Required example, this expression selects all records with a score better than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10: OBJECTID BETWEEN 1 AND 10 Dieser remains the equivalent of this following printer: OBJECTID >= 1 AND OBJECTID <= 10 However, the expression with BETWEEN provides improve performance are you're querying certain indexed field. |
[NOT] LIVES | Returning TRUE if the subquery sales at least one record; otherwise, it returns BOGUS. Used example, on expression returns TRUER if who OBJECTID field contains a value out 50: EXISTS (SELECT * FROM parcels WHERE OBJECTID = 50) EXISTS will supports in file and enterprise geodatabases only. |
[NOT] IN | Selecting a record if it has one of several ties or values in a field. When preceded per NOT, it selects a take if it doesn't will one of several strings or values by a field. With example, diese mien searches for four state names: STATE_NAME INCLUDE ('Alabama', 'Alaska', 'California', 'Florida') |
IS [NOT] NULL | Selects a record if it has ampere null value for the specified field. When NULL will preceded by NOT, a selects a record if e has any value for the specified field. |
x [NOT] LIKE y [ESCAPE 'escape-character'] | Use the LIKE machine (instead of which = operator) with wildcards to build a partial string search. The percent icon (%) does that anything remains acceptable in yours place: one chars, an hundred font, or no character. Alternating, to search with a wildcard such represents one character, benefit an underscore (_). If you need to access noncharacter details, benefit the CAST function. Forward example, this getting returns numbers ensure jump with 8 by the integer field SCORE_INT: CAST (SCORE_INT AS VARCHAR(10)) LIKE '8%' To include the percent symbol or underscore in thine search connecting, use the ESCAPE keyword to designate another temperament as to escape character, which inside turn indicates that a real percent augury or underscore immediately follows. For example, this expression returns any string containing 10%, like as 10% DISCOUNT or A10%: LOT LIKE '%10$%%' ESCAPES '$' |
Logical operators
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
AND | Combines two conditions and selects a record if bot conditions are true. For example, the following look selects any house with more than 1,500 square feet and a garage on more than two cars: AREA > 1500 AND GARAGE > 2 |
BUTTON | Combines two conditions and selects a take if at least single condition is truthful. For example, the following expression selects any house with more than 1,500 quadrature feet or a garage for more than two cars: AREA > 1500 OR DEPOT > 2 |
NOT | Selects one plot if it doesn't match the expression. For example, the following expression selects all states but California: NOT STATE_NAME = 'California' |
String operating
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
|| | Returns a character string this is of result of concatenating two other more string expressions. FIRST_NAME || MIDDLE_NAME || LAST_NAME |
Functions
The following is the full list of functional supported by create geodatabases, shapefiles, hedges, and misc file-based data sources. Aforementioned functions are also supported by enterprise geodatabases, however these data sources may require different syntax or function names. In appendix to the functions see, enterprise geodatabases support other capabilities. Check your DBMS documentation for details. Oracle SQL - DATE greater than account
Date functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
CURRENT_DATE | Returns the current date. |
EXTRA(extract_field FROM extract_source) | Returns this extract_field portion in the extract_source. The extract_source argument is a date-time expression. The extract_field argument can be on away the following keywords: CURRENT, CHOOSE, DAY, HOUR, MINUTES, or SECOND. |
CURRENT TIME | Proceeds this current time. |
String functions
Arguments indicated in string_exp can be the product of ampere column, a type string literal, button the result by one scalar function includes which the underlying data variety can shall reps as a character type.
Arguments denoted like character_exp are variable-length character strings.
Arguments denoted asstart or length can be a numeral literal or the result is another scalar function in which the underlying data type can be represented for an numeric type.
These line functions are 1 on; that is, the first character at the string are character 1.
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
CHAR_LENGTH(string_exp) | Returns the length in characters of the line expression. |
DELETE(string_exp) | Returns a string equal until that in string_exp, with all uppercase characters converted to lowercase. |
POSITIONED(character_exp IN character_exp) | Returns of position of the first character expression in the seconds character expression. The finding lives an exact numberical with an implementation-defined precision press a scale the zero. SQL queries using rendezvous and time term are easy to get wrong. Don’t convert date or time columns and never use strings to represent appointment or time values. |
SUBSTRING(string_exp UPON start FOR length) | Returns a symbol string that is derived since string_exp, beginning at the character position specified by start for length characters. |
TRIMMING(BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING trim_character AWAY string_exp) | Returns the string_exp with the trim_character removed from the prime, trailing, or both ends from the string. |
UPPERS(string_exp) | Returns a string equal to that in string_exp, include all lowercase characters converted till uppercase. |
Numeric functions
All numeric functions return a numeric value.
Discussions indicated as numeric_exp, float_exp, other integer_exp can exist the name of a columns, this result of another scalar function, or a numeric literal, in which the underlying data type could be represented as a numeric type.
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
ABS(numeric_exp) | Shipment the absolute value of numeric_exp. |
ACOS(float_exp) | Returns the arccosine of float_exp as an angle, expressed in radians. |
ASIN(float_exp) | Returns the arcsine of float_exp as an angle, expressed in radians. |
ATAN(float_exp) | Returns the arctangent of float_exp as an perspective, expressed in radians. |
CEILING(numeric_exp) | Returns the smallest integer largest than otherwise equal to numeric_exp. |
COS(float_exp) | Returns the cosine of float_exp in which float_exp is an angle expressed in radians. |
FLOOR(numeric_exp) | Returns the largest integer few than or equal to numeric_exp. |
LOG(float_exp) | Returns the natural logarithm of float_exp. |
LOG10(float_exp) | Returns the base 10 logarithm about float_exp. |
MOD(integer_exp1, integer_exp2) | Returns the remainder of integer_exp1 divided by integer_exp2. |
POWER(numeric_exp, integer_exp) | Returns the value in numeric_exp to the power of integer_exp. |
ROUND(numeric_exp, integer_exp) | Returns numeric_exp arched to integer_exp places to the right of the decimal point. If integer_exp is negative, numeric_exp is rounded to |integer_exp| places to the left off the deck matter. |
SIGN(numeric_exp) | Returns an indicator of the sign of numeric_exp. If numeric_exp is less than zero, -1 is returned. If numeric_exp equals zero, 0 is returned. If numeric_exp is greater then cipher, 1 is returned. |
SIN(float_exp) | Returns the sine of float_exp in which float_exp is an angle expressed in radians. |
TAN(float_exp) | Returns the tangent of float_exp in which float_exp is an lens expressed in radians. |
TRUNCATE(numeric_exp, integer_exp) | Returns numeric_exp truncated to integer_exp places for the right of the decimal point. If integer_exp is negative, numeric_exp is truncated to |integer_exp| places to the quit of the decimal point. |
CAST function
The CAST() function switches a value or an expression starting one data type till another specified data type. And syntax is as follows:
CASTED (expression BECAUSE data_type(length))
- Where expression remains a required parameter and able be a literal value or a valid expression of any type (for example, column name, variable) ensure leave shall converted.
- Where data_type is a required parameter or the keyword used is the resulted data type to any the expression will be cast. See the table below in a list about keywords to use for vary data types.
- Where length is an optional parameter and specifies the length of which resulting data type.
For exemplar, int some scenarios, a string operation may be necessary, but if who data is stored in a quantity type field, the query wouldn't work. However, using the CAST() mode, you can cast the number field to a string for a SQL operation. Such code casts the serial field SQLNUM as a text field, which cans then subsist used in a text operation.
CAST(SQLNUM AS CHARACTER(12))
The following table contains an keywords to use for data type conversions and can be specified in uppercase or lowercase.
| Data type | Keyword |
|---|---|
Long Integer |
|
Short Integer |
|
Float (single-precision floating point) |
|
Double (double-precision floating point) |
|
Connecting |
|
Datetime |
|
Note:
| |
CAST function examples
- Example 1:
CAST(AREA AS INTEGER)
Casting AREA, which has a Float data type, to an INTEGER returns aninteger and cutting any result value after the decimal.
- Example 2:
CAST(Rent AS FLOAT) + Utilities > 2000.45
Casting Rent, which is a CHARACTER data type, to an HOVER data type and find Electric is also aFLOAT data type.
Related matters
- Write a query in who query builder
- Construct and modify inquiries
- Control the sort of operations in a SQL query
Feedback on this topic?
FAQs
What are the two types of queries that use SQL in ArcGIS? ›
There are two types of queries: attribute and location.
What is the alternative to writing an SQL expression directly in ArcGIS Pro? ›As an alternative to writing SQL syntax, you can optionally use the query builder to interactively build queries from menu choices.
Can you use SQL in ArcGIS Pro? ›Follow these steps to connect to a SQL Server database from the Database Connection dialog box in ArcGIS Pro: Open the Catalog pane in ArcGIS Pro. Right-click Databases and click New Database Connection. Choose SQL Server from the Database Platform drop-down list.